• ≥ 18 years of age
• Patients participating in the virtual preoperative evaluation process at Mayo Clinic
• Undergoing virtual preoperative evaluation
• Surgery date ≥ 2 weeks from participation
• STOPBANG score > 4.

• Patients less than age 18 years.
• Subjects who are not able to provide consent.
• Patients without the ability to connect to Wi-Fi to transmit home sleep study data.

Eligibility last updated 7/5/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Adult (age 18 or greater) patients who consent for enrollment in the study.
• Have undergone allogeneic HSCT within 100 days or autologous HSCT within 30 days.

Exclusin Criteria: 

• Subject transferred from another institution having already been admitted there for > 24h. This proposal seeks to create a biorepository whose purpose will be to determine mechanism of ARF/ARDS development based on initial hospital course. If a substantial part of a patient’s hospital course preceeds enrollment (and is affected by care received at another institution), we may not get meaningful insights into the ARDS mechanism by enrolling them well into the disease processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS.
• ARDS at the time of hospital admission. Since this study is looking at the mechanisms of ARDS development, we would seek to enroll patients before ARDS develops. 
• Patient’s goals of care are such that ICU transfer (and specifically use of noninvasive or mechanical ventilation) would not be considered. As such, these patients would not be able to develop the outcome of interest (ARDS).
• Admitted for:
  1. Admission only for chemotherapy administration.
  2. Control of symptoms related to diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration due to inability to swallow, dysphagia, pain or mucositis. 

Eligibility last updated 12/7/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Cohort A will consist of epilepsy of unknown cause (high pretest probability):

• ≥ 18 years of age.
• Focal epilepsy diagnosis.
• Onset of epilepsy after age 5.
• No known cause of epilepsy OR presence of hippocampal sclerosis on MRI and;
• Brain MRI completed prior to enrollment.

Cohort B will consist of epilepsy of known cause (medium pretest probability):

• Age above 18.
• Focal epilepsy diagnosis.
• Known cause of epilepsy including any of the following:
  • confirmed viral;
  • bacterial or parasitic CNS infection;
  • traumatic brain injury, stroke;
  • intraventricular hemorrhage;
  • hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy;
  • neurocutaneous syndrome;
  • confirmed inborn error of metabolism;
  • confirmed genetic and chromosomal developmental encephalopathy;
  • confirmed genetic epilepsy;
  • malformation of cortical development;
  • neoplasia;
  • neurodegenerative disease.
• Brain MRI completed prior to enrollment.

Cohort C will consist of idiopathic genetic generalized epilepsy (low pretest probability):

• Age above 18.
• Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy or generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone).
• Brain MRI completed prior to enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria

Cohort A :

• Contraindication for a lumbar puncture (i.e., intracranial mass, bleeding diathesis, spinal developmental anomalies, or local skin infection involving the lower back).
• Evidence of progressive neurological illness.
• Prior epilepsy surgery.
• Known diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis.
• Prior treatment with immunosuppressive treatment for neurological symptoms.

Within Cohort A, a sub-cohort with probable autoimmune epilepsy (very high pretest probability
•Cohort A-1) will be selected with the following criteria:

• Seizure onset in the last 1 year.
• At least 3 out of the following 6 criteria:
• High frequency of seizures (at least 4/month for the last 3 months);
• Antiepileptic drug (AED) resistant (to at least 2 past and/or current AEDs);
• Comorbid depression and/or psychosis requiring psychotropic medication;
• History of status epilepticus;
• Seizures with autonomic semiology defined as any of the following (on history):
  •     cardiovascular (tachycardia, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia);
  •     respiratory (cough, hyperventilation, apnea);
  •     gastrointestinal (epigastric sensation, nausea, vomiting);
  •     thermoregulatory, vasomotor and secretory (fever, piloerection, flushing, hypersalivation, spitting);
  •     genitourinary (urinary urge or incontinence).
•  Fulminant onset of epilepsy characterized by any of the following:
•      status epilepticus;
•      ii. viral prodrome (fever, sore throat, runny nose);
•      iii. cognitive decline noted in the first 3 months following onset of seizures;
•      iv. new onset psychiatric symptoms (depression and/or anxiety and/or psychosis) in the first 3 months following onset of seizures.

Cohort B and C: 

• Contraindication for a lumbar puncture (i.e. intracranial mass, bleeding diathesis, spinal developmental anomalies, or local skin infection involving the lower back).
• Prior epilepsy surgery.
• Known diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis.
• Prior treatment with immunosuppressive treatment for neurological symptoms.

Eligibility last updated 6/17/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• All SCIMS participants following completion of their regularly scheduled Form II follow-up during the enrollment period for this module.

• SCIMS participants who do not complete their regularly scheduled Form II follow-up within the enrollment period for this module will not be included (e.g., lost to followup, declined to participate in the Form II follow-up, deceased).

Eligibility last updated 6/17/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Healthy volunteers
  or Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients with clinically indicated renal biopsy.
• ≥ 18 years of age.

• Subjects lacking capacity to consent.
• Vulnerable subjects such as prisoners; pregnant women; nursing mother.
• Subjects with history of hypersensitivity allergic reactions to ultrasound contrast agents.
• Patients with high-risk cardiac diseases.

Eligibility last updated 6/22/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• ≥ 18 years of age.
• Patients with positive AI-ECG for AS within 1 year or current will be retrospectively and prospectively identified.

• Patients with previous valve surgery, permanent pacemaker, active infective endocarditis, or those who have already been diagnosed as AS.

Eligibility last updated 6/20/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Eligibility last updated 2/10/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Physician (residents/fellows or practicing faculty physician) employed by the University of Colorado School of Medicine or Mayo Clinic with no anticipated departure within 18 months of enrollment.
• Physicians must be employed full-time or part-time (at 60% FTE or higher) and have an Android or iOS smart phone.  

• Not in the age range.
• Not a physician employed by the University of Colorado School of Medicine or Mayo Clinic.
• Does not own an Android or iOS smart phone. Non-reading subjects.
• Residents/fellows in their last final year of their respective training program.

Eligibility last updated 6/22/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

- Patients with epilepsy- scalp EEG or invasive EEG monitoring for clinical care, or an implanted device capable of monitoring brain activity and identifying seizures (e.g.,
NeuroPace RNS, Medtronic PC+S, Medtronic RC+S).
- Pediatric subjects 7 years of age or older.

- Cognitive or psychiatric condition rendering patient unable to cooperate with data collection, or manage and recharge smart watch and tablet computer devices.
- Presence of open or healing wounds near monitoring sites (infection risk).

Eligibility last updated 6/23/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Patients ≥ 18 years or older. 
• Patients who speak English and are willing to sign the consent form
• Patients with acute early postoperative infection (symptoms ≤ 4 weeks from surgery; symptoms < 4 weeks in duration) and acute hematogenous infection (greater than 3 months from surgery; symptoms < 3 weeks in duration) of a total knee or total hip arthroplasty, defined as:
  • A sinus communicating with the prosthesis OR
  • Two positive cultures obtained from the prosthesis OR
  • 4 of 5 criteria:
    • Elevated ESR (> 30mm/hr) and CRP (> 10mg/L);
    • Elevated synovial leukocyte count (>3000 cells/μL) or change of ++ on;
    • leukocyte esterase strip;
    • Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage (> 80%);
    • One positive culture;
    • Positive histological analysis of periprosthetic tissue (> 5 neutrophils per high;
    • Power field in 5 high power fields x 400).
• OR Patient with an acute infection diagnosed clinically by an orthopedic surgeon treated with DAIR

• Patients with a chronic PJI, defined as:
  • Presentation of symptoms > 4 weeks in duration.
• Revision surgery or previous two-stage reimplantation.

Eligibility last updated 6/24/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Subject must have a documented history of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome by:

• Evidence of more than one type of seizure, of which at least one should be an atonic or tonic seizure.
• History of an electroencephalogram (EEG) reporting diagnostic criteria for LGS (abnormal background activity accompanied by slow, spike and wave pattern <3.0 Hz).
• History of developmental delay.
• Male or female subjects.
• Subjects must be age 4-55 years at the time of consent/assent.
• Must have been < 11 years old at the onset of LGS.
• Subjects must have experienced at least 2 drop seizures with potential to fall (tonic, atonic, tonic-clonic) each week during the 4-week Baseline period preceding randomization. Drop seizures are defined as a seizure involving the entire body, trunk, or head that led or could have led to a fall, injury, slumping in a chair, or hitting the subject's head on a surface. For seizures that occur in clusters: if countable, an exact seizure count should be used; if uncountable, the caregiver should estimate the number of seizures.
• Subjects must have been receiving 1 to 4 concomitant anti-seizure medications (ASMs) at a stable dose for at least 4 weeks before Visit 1.
• If not taking Epidiolex, subjects may take other approved cannabidiol or over the counter cannabidiol products. If taking cannabidiol other than Epidiolex, consult Medical Monitor to determine if it counts as a concomitant ASM.
• Dietary therapy and any CNS stimulator settings must be stable for 4 weeks prior to baseline and maintain stable regimen throughout the study. The dietary therapy and CNS stimulators are not counted as an ASM.
• Parents or caregivers must be able to keep accurate seizure diaries.
• Subject is either not of childbearing potential, defined as premenarchal, postmenopausal for at least 1 year or surgically sterile (bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy), if of childbearing potential, must comply with an acceptable method of birth control during the study, for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry and for 4 weeks following completion of the study, if able.
• Subject and/or parent(s)/legal representative must be willing and able to give informed assent/consent for participation in the study.
• Subject and their caregiver must be willing and able (in the investigator's opinion) to comply with all study requirements.
• History of COVID-19 vaccination is permitted.

• Etiology of subject's seizures is a progressive neurologic disease. Subjects with tuberous sclerosis will not be excluded from study participation, unless there is a progressive brain tumor.
• Evidence of clinically significant disease (e.g., cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal disease, hepatic disease) that in the opinion of the investigator(s) could affect the subject's safety or study conduct.
• Subjects who were on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy in the 6 months prior to baseline.
• Subject on dietary therapy for less than 4 weeks prior to screening visit (Visit 1) or suffers from frequent stooling.
• Current use of felbamate with less than 18 months of continuous exposure.
• Concomitant use of vigabatrin: subjects who took vigabatrin in the past must be discontinued for at least 5 months before Visit 1 and must have documentation showing no evidence of a vigabatrin-associated clinically significant abnormality in an automated visual perimetry test, if able.
• Subject who had a history of hypoxia which needed emergency resuscitation within 12 months prior to baseline.
• Status epilepticus within 12 weeks of Visit 1.
• Any clinically significant illness (including COVID-19) in the 4 weeks prior to Visit 1, as determined by the Investigator.
• Subject has clinically significant abnormal laboratory values, in the investigator's opinion, at Visit 1 or time of randomization (Visit 2).
• Subject has a history of any serious drug-induced hypersensitivity; e.g., toxic epidermal necrolysis, or Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms [DRESS]) or any drug-related rash requiring hospitalization Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Responsive Neurostimulator System (RNS) or other neurostimulation for epilepsy device implanted or activated < 5 months year prior to enrollment. Stimulation parameters that have been stable for < 4 weeks, or battery life of unit not anticipated to extend for duration of trial.
• Subject is pregnant, may be pregnant, lactating or planning to be pregnant.
• Any suicidal ideation with intent, with or without a plan within 6 months before Visit 2 (i.e., answering "Yes" to questions 4 or 5 in the Suicidal Ideation section of the age- specific Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in subjects aged 6 and above who are able to be evaluated.
• Any suicidal behavior within 2 years before Visit 2 (i.e., answering YES to any question in the Suicidal behavior section of the age-specific Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in subjects aged 6 and above who are able to be evaluated.
• Evidence of significant active hepatic disease. Stable elevations of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) due to concomitant medication(s) will be allowed if they are < 3 x ULN.
• Subject with total bilirubin [TBL] > 2 x ULN (except for Gilbert's syndrome).
• Active viral hepatitis (B or C) as demonstrated by positive serology at the Screening visit (Visit 1).
• History of positive antibody/antigen test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• If taking Epidiolex, subject may not use other approved cannabidiol or over the counter cannabidiol products.
• Scheduled for epilepsy-related surgery, VNS insertion, or any other stimulators/surgery during the projected course of the study.
• Subject who has taken or used any investigational drug or device in the 4 weeks prior to the screening visit (Visit 1).
• Concomitant use of medications known to be strong inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A) including, but not limited to: phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, primidone, rifampin, troglitazone, St. John's Wort, efavirenz, nevirapine, glucocorticoids (other than topical usage), modafinil, pioglitazone, and rifabutin.
• Evidence of cardiac disease, including unstable angina, myocardial infarction, within the past 2 years, uncontrolled heart failure, major arrhythmias, congenital short QT syndrome.
• Subject with a short QTc interval (<340 msec) or long QTc interval (>460 msec) as confirmed by a repeated electrocardiogram (ECG).
• Benzodiazepine rescue administered on average more than once a week in the month before Visit 1.
• Previous exposure to carisbamate or sensitivity/allergy to components of the oral suspension.

Eligibility last updated 6/7/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Ages ≥ 18 years.
• Diagnosis of degenerative thoracolumbar deformity.
• Deformity correction surgery scheduled with either Dr. Elder or Dr. Fogelson, minimum 4-level fusion with fixation to the pelvis.

• Unable to return to Mayo Clinic for follow-up evaluation.

Eligibility last updated 8/5/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Undergoing spinal surgery with a posterior approach for idiopathic scoliosis.

• Patients with pre-surgical elevated pain scores (≥ 3/10 on Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)), history of chronic pain, or pre-surgical opioid use will not be included.
• Patients with contraindications to spinal anesthesia (anatomical abnormality or elevated bleeding or infection risks) will not be included.
• Patients for whom the protocol is violated (inability to perform postoperative data collection), or the study/procedure was aborted will not be included in analysis.

Eligibility last updated 3/22/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Patient undergoing a bladder invasive procedure with or without planned urinary catheter on Mayo Clinic Gonda 7 Outpatient Procedure Center.

• Are unable to grant informed consent or comply with study procedure.
• Allergy or known sensitivity to magnesium or Renacidin.
• Expected or high risk of bladder extravasation.
• Ongoing atrial fibrillation prior to surgery.
• Are undergoing emergency surgery.
• Are pregnant.
• Known hypermagnesemia.
• Patients with neuromuscular weakness (e.g., Myasthenia gravis) due to magnesium's muscle weakening effect.
• Patients with myocardial compromise or cardiac conduction defects because of magnesium's anti-inotropic effects.
• Patients with renal insufficiency, glomerular filtration rate less than 30, since magnesium is eliminated by the kidneys resulting in exaggerated rise in serum magnesium.
• Patients with concomitant use of a calcium channel blocker since magnesium sulfate could act synergistically to suppress muscular contractility.

Eligibility last updated 5/15/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Histological confirmation of glioblastoma.
• ECOG Performance Status (PS) ≤ 2.
• Negative pregnancy test done ≤ 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only.
• Ability to complete questionnaire(s) by themselves or with assistance.
• Provide written informed consent.
• Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the Active Monitoring Phase of the study).
• Postoperative/post-biopsy tumor plus surgical bed size ≤ 6 cm in maximum diameter.

Exclusion Criteria

• Unable to undergo MRI scans with contrast.
• Unable to undergo an 18F-DOPA-PET scan.
  • Example reasons for inability to complete this scan: Parkinson’s Disease, taking anti-dopaminergic, or dopamine agonist medication or less than 6 half-lives from discontinuance of dopamine agonists);
• NOTE: Other potentially interfering drugs: amoxapine, amphetamine, benztropine, buproprion, buspirone, cocaine, mazindol, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, norephedrine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, selegiline, paroxetine, citalopram, and sertraline. If a patient is on any of these drugs, list which ones on the On-Study form.
• Any of the following:
  • Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception;
  • Nursing women;
  • Pregnant women.
• IDH mutation identified in the tumor on surgical pathology.

Eligibility last updated 7/18/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Eligibility last updated 7/1/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Diagnosis of Partial Lipodystrophy.

• Previous treatment with metreleptin.

Eligibility last updated 7/7/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

- Willing to not start or stop any new medication to treat or prevent migraines during the six months of the trial.

- History fits the definition of migraine:

- Have a history of episodic headache lasting 4-72 hours with at least 2 of the 4 following: unilateral location, pulsating/throbbing quality, moderate-severe
intensity, aggravation by/causing avoidance of routine physical activity; and

- Have a history of at least one of the following: nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia (seek out a dark room during a headache because that feels better), phonophobia (seek out a quiet environment during a headache because that feels
better).

- Barrier methods (such as a condom or diaphragm) used with a spermicide (a foam, cream, or gel that kills sperm);

- Intrauterine device (IUD);

- Total hysterectomy or tubal ligation;

- Abstinence (no sex).

- Allergy or documented contraindication to amide anesthetics (bupivacaine, lidocaine, ropivacaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, etidocaine or levobupivacaine) or
corticosteroids.

- Previously received peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs).

- Currently anticoagulated.

- Currently receiving Botox for migraine prophylaxis.

- Started on new medication in the prior two months with known migraine-preventive efficacy or planning to start any new medication during the study.

- Currently using opiate medications for pain.

- History of drug or alcohol abuse within the prior two years.

- Have unstable medical or surgical diseases that could impair participation in this study.

- History of craniotomies, burr holes, skull fractures and/or have open skull defects.

- Patients with implanted nerve stimulators or shunts.

- Phobia of needles.

- Active skin or soft tissue infection overlying injection sites.

- Diagnosis of medication overuse, cervicogenic, post-traumatic, or cluster headaches or history on pre-enrollment questionnaire of cluster headache symptoms.

Eligibility last updated 7/24/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Written informed consent.
• Aged 18 or above.
• Unresectable stage III or stage IV squamous or non-squamous NSCLC not amenable to curative surgery or radiation.
• Documented PD-L1 expression by PD-L1 IHC per local report.
• Confirmed progression during treatment with a CPI-including regimen.
• ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 at enrolment.
• Life expectancy of ≥ 12 weeks at enrolment.
• Adequate bone marrow, liver and kidney function.

• Sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion.
• Documented test result for any other known genomic alteration for which a targeted therapy is approved in first line per local standard of care (e.g. ROS1, NTRK fusions, BRAF, V600E mutation).
• Previous treatment with an anti-TIGIT therapy.
• Any concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, investigational, biologic, or hormonal therapy for cancer treatment.
• Primary or secondary resistance after treatment with 2 or more regimens including a CPI.
• Symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastasis.
• Thromboembolic event within 3 months prior to enrolment.
• Other invasive malignancy within 2 years prior to screening.

Eligibility last updated 7/7/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria may apply.

Eligibility last updated 9/1/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Patients treated at Mayo Clinic with Multiple Myeloma and their caregivers.

• < 18 years of age. 

Eligibility last updated 8/19/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Age ≥ 14 years old. Subjects speaking any language will be offered participation.
• Subjects capable of providing informed consent to the study. For those subjects younger than 18 years old who agree to participate in the study, informed consent will be obtained from patient’s parents/guardian.
• Subjects capable of performing pulmonary function test (PFT) maneuvers, as per pulmonary function test laboratory protocol.
• Patients will be enrolled through the Mayo Clinic Rochester Transgender and Intersex Specialty Care Clinic (TISCC), once patient has decided to undergo hormonal gender-affirming therapies (pubertal blockers, and masculinizing or feminizing hormone therapies).

• Subjects unable to provide consent, or subjects who do not agree to discuss the study with their parents/guardians.
• The presence of contraindications for pulmonary function testing including (these will be reviewed at the time of recruitment and prior to each spirometry associated with the study):
• Recent surgical procedures (< 3 months) that could be affected by lung function testing, including the following categories: Abdominal surgery, Eye surgery, Thoracic surgery, Ear surgery, Brain surgery, Vascular surgery. The presence of previously known respiratory disorders including pulmonary embolism (< 6 months), pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemoptysis.
• Recent myocardial infarction (< 1 month), new cardiac arrythmia (< 3 months), recent cardiac pacemaker implantation (< 3 months).
• Heart failure symptoms, significant shortness of breath, tachycardia, or angina
• The presence of chronic pulmonary diseases that maybe associated with changes in pulmonary function overtime such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or interstitial lung diseases.

Eligibility last updated 7/8/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Adult patients ≥ 18 years of age.
• Must be able to provide informed consent.
• Physician diagnosis of axSpA, peripheral SpA or inflammatory bowel disease related arthritis.

• Individuals who do not comprehend English (i.e., participants must be able to read and sign a consent form without the assistance of an interpreter).
• Individuals who are unable to sign consent (e.g., mentally challenged, those declared legally incompetent).
• Individuals regarded as belonging to a vulnerable population (e.g., prisoners).
• Antibiotic exposure within two weeks of stool microbiome collection.
• Patients who have a history of malignancy, exception: documented history of cured non-metastatic squamous or basal cell skin carcinoma will be allowed.

Eligibility last updated 4/5/23. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients with PsA diagnosed after 2005.
  • Diagnosis defined as a clinical diagnosis by a rheumatologist.
• Ability to consent.

A multifaceted approach will be utilized for recruitment of PsA patients for the study:

• Recruitment letters will be sent to the PsA patients identified in the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) cohort.
• PsA patients seen in the Division of Rheumatology that are not in REP will also be actively recruited.
• New patients referred to our Division would also be eligible for recruitment.

• Individuals who do not comprehend English (i.e., participants must be able to read and sign a consent form without the assistance of an interpreter.)
• Individuals who are unable to sign consent (e.g., mentally challenged, those declared legally incompetent).
• Individuals regarded as belonging to a vulnerable population (e.g., prisoners).
• Antibiotic exposure within two weeks of stool microbiome collection.
• Patients who have a history of malignancy, exception: documented history of cured non-metastatic squamous or basal cell skin carcinoma will be allowed.

Eligibility last updated 3/29/2023. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Subject is 18 years or older at the time of the procedure.
• Pulmonary nodule biopsy attempted/performed using the Ion Endoluminal System and Cios Spin 3D imaging.
• Pulmonary nodule ≤ 2 cm in largest diameter.
• Subject able to understand and adhere to study requirements and provide informed consent.

• Planned lymph node staging performed before nodule biopsy.
• Nodule is a pure ground glass opacity.
• Plan to biopsy multiple nodules.

Eligibility last updated 11/29/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• ≥ 18 years of age. 

• < 18 years of age.

Eligibility last updated 7/12/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• In the Lung Cancer group, any patient of 18 years or older with lung cancer.
• In the control group, any 18 year or older volunteer with no history of Lung Cancer.

• Anyone with a history of lung disease, such as emphysema. Also, anyone with a history of cancer except Lung Cancer in the experimental group.

Eligibility last updated 7/15/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

• Adult (≥ 18 years of age) patients with incident RA defined by the 1987 ACR classification criteria.

• < 18 years old. 

Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria may apply.

Eligibility last updated 10/7/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.

Eligibility last updated 7/14/22. Questions regarding updates should be directed to the study team contact.